Who rules the internet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who rules the profits - Assignment ExampleThe other view was that as it is built-in part of telecom, government control must be exercised.The major stakeholders were the 193 member states of the United Nations. Other stakeholders were clannish business, corporate world and the society at large. The Western group, led by United States, United res publica and Canada along with 55 other countries had opposed the draft treaty. They asserted that in the last 24 years, without UN edict, meshwork has hugely benefitted society, giving significant economic boost to the global business and world economy. Thus, cyberspace and internet should not be controlled by individual states and its standards should be set by the private companies, citizens and the communities. The second group, comprising of China, Russia and virtually Gulf countries wanted greater control over internet as it uses telecom services and without regulation and rules, it could be misused by vested interests.In order to address the issues of the scenario, the team would have to look at the various perspectives of the internet and how individual states exercise control over it. It needs to conduct survey of the citizen groups crossways the world for their opinion on the issue raised during the conference. This would help the team to understand how internet promotes emancipation of speech and how cyberspace maintains its own set of standards. The survey would also help establish the view of the volume and help understand how the individual states or the governments ensure that cyberspace complies with their laws. This would provide greater transparency to the real checks and controls on internet which could then be used as fundamental plank to get consensus on widely used checks and control to restrict world wise misuse of the internet by vested interests.The deuce groups need to develop wider perspectives to

Social media and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social media and Democracy - Essay recitationPolitical activists use the internet hubs to spread the new(a)s of their parties and news of the election. Political activism on the internet has lift all over the world since the 9/11 attack in America. Activists against terror attacks are particularly spreading the word through the internet. The inception of Facebook into the internet has helped and made the activists get a blown-upger syllabus to express their views. customary news networks such as CNN and BBC have Facebook accounts with more than 33million Facebook likes combined. The news networks use the media spillage to die the latest news to their fans. The use of social media has made it easy and faster for the news to impart people rather than waiting for prime time to get the news. During the American election season of 2008, new technologies that enabled individuals to participate in online communities discussions emerged (Yamamoto, 2010 p. 609). Facebook was very po pular by this time, and most politicians used it to pass the message to their supporters. Arguments and trending topics of the semipolitical nature were popular among the sites.Twitter is a social network that is more of a mini-blogging site. Individuals can communicate and lay out their thoughts to their followers. Politicians and business people have Twitter accounts where they share news with their followers (Jewitt, 2009 p. 232). Popular news networks are on Twitter that they use to communicate any breaking news. Twitter is a good platform for news networks to convey their messages to people. The 2012 elections in America had a huge coverage on Twitter. There was sharing of opinions, and the use of the hashtag made it easier to reach a large group of people. Politicians shared their agendas for the nation, and it was of big help to them. Twitter increases the popularity of an individual, hence spreading more news countrywide and worldwide. The war and accident

CCNA Basic (Assignment Booklet 2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CCNA Basic (Assignment Booklet 2) - Essay typefaceBy using the 255.255.255.201 and subnetting the network you get more IP addresses and it is easier than requesting two more address blocks. This enables individually network to have its own subnet to house their own devices in order to keep the network right and ensure there is no collision of traffic.Question 3Using 10.0.0.0create a subnet mask for the 900 subnets. see 198th and VLSM for a further 40 subnets.10.0.0.0 255.0.0.224 waiter prototype 1 to 3010.0.0.32 255.0.0.224 emcee range 33 to 6210.0.0.64255.0.0.224 array range 65 to 9410.0.0.96255.0.0.224 troops range 97 to 12610.0.0.128255.0.0.224host range 129 to 15810.0.0.160255.0.0.224host range 161 to 19010.0.0.192255.0.0.224host range 192 to 22210.0.0.224255.0.0.224host range 225 to 25410.0.0.256255.0.0.224host range 258 to 28710.0.0.289255.0.0.224host range 291 to 32010.0.0.322255.0.0.224host range 324 to 35310.0.0.355255.0.0.224host range 357 to 38610.0.0.388255.0.0.224ho st range 390 to 41910.0.0.421255.0.0.224host range 423 to 45210.0.0.454255.0.0.224host range 456 to 48510.0.0.487255.0.0.224host range 489 to 51810.0.0.520255.0.0.224host range 522 to 55110.0.0.553255.0.0.224host range 555 to 58410.0.0.586255.0.0.224host range 588 to 61710.0.0.619255.0.0.224host range 621 to 65010.0.0.652255.0.0.224host range 654 to 68310.0.0.685255.0.0.224host range 687 to 71610.0.0.718255.0.0.224host range 720 to 74910.0.0.751255.0.0.224host range 753 to 78210.0.0.784255.0.0.224host range 786 to 81510.0.0.817255.0.0.224host range 819 to 84810.0.0.851255.0.0.224host range 853 to 88210.0.0.884255.0.0.224hos

Human Behaviour in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Behaviour in Organisations - Essay ExampleTransactional leaders differ from transformational leaders, in the fact that they do non seek to transform the future. The aim of the transactional leader is to preserve the extant invoke of affairs (Odumeru & Ogbonna, 2013, p. 358). Transactional leadership is of great value in addressing crisis and emergency situations, and in completing projects in virtually specific manner.The Trait Theory of Leadership presumes the presence of inherited singularitys among people, and that some of these traits argon especially conform to to leadership. Effective leaders possess specific characteristics, and great leaders drive home certain common spirit traits. This theory attempts to identify the physical, mental, and personality features associated with successful leadership (Chartered Technofunctional Institute, 2013).For several years, the trait theory had been ignored and it had been imitation that situational and learned factors were o f greater significance than inherited traits among individuals accomplishing leadership roles. Subsequently, behavioral genetics has emphasized that genes and inherited traits have a significant effect on the individual (Warrilow, 2014).It is this writers opinion that leaders are made and not born. Upon assuming that leaders are born, most of their children would have become great leaders. This does not transpire. Hence, leaders are crafted by the situation and not hereditary.It has been concluded by researchers that successful leadership emerges from the interaction between the situation and the characteristics of the leader. This interaction has been regarded as the key to understanding leadership, in conjunction with the crucial situational and trait variables (Fleenor, 2006, p. 832).In the contemporary business world, it is essential for a company to possess the creative ability.

The Relevance of Universal Healthcare Policy in the US Research Paper

The Relevance of Universal Health dispense indemnity in the US - Research Paper ExampleUniversal wellnesscare system will support all the the Statesns irrespective of their financial status to get access wellness check care, which will result in decreasing illnesses and increasing health, which is an advantage for the citizens in USA. The US Senate should pass a bill to provide slack and universal health care system for the Americans so that they get access to a good system of health care regardless of their financial status. In his article, The Pros and Cons of Universal Health Care in The United States, T W Philip makes clear the term universal health care. He says that it is the system of providing health reporting for any and all willing participants (The Pros And Cons Of Universal Health Care In The United States para.1). Universal healthcare is a government program funded by taxes. The United States is the only nation that does not have a universal health care system at p resent. The author of the aforesaid article says that Universal health care system is necessary and the citizens are claiming it as it is their birthright and everyone can get access to it. He makes a distinction between the universal health care and the socialized health care. He contends that below universal health care hospitals, doctors, drugs etc remain independent which function for profit or non profit. Socialized medicinal drug is the industry controlled by the government. So, if a person wants his medical insurance he should work under the government. If he loses his job, his medical insurance is also withdrawn. ... If he loses his job, his medical insurance is also withdrawn. Many of the citizens suggest that Americas health care solution is to have a nationalized health plan ( Longley 4), under which medical care for the citizens will be the responsibility of the federal government and the doctors and the hospitals will be under their control. entirely Americans should have the right to enjoy free health care system like citizens of the other nations. The sevens needs to pass the bill for universal healthcare for American people because the Preamble of the US theme includes in its purpose an aim to promote the general welfare (Should all Americans have the right (be entitled) to health care point. 2) of the citizens of the nation. The United States of America is one of the essential nations in the world and it could be recognized as the only country which does not ensure health care for its citizens. For a better health care system, US should stop the medical bankruptcies, and try to improve the public health by reducing the boilers suit healthcare spending. It is the lack of guaranteed healthcare system which has resulted in the poor health of the Americans as compared to citizens of other highly-developed nations of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has ranked the US health care system 37th of one hundred ninety countries (Gel der & Pibel), which is far below most of the European countries. Life expectancy in US is also shorter than 27 other countries. These factors indicate that there is an urgent need to revamp the present healthcare system in the country so that its status can be uplifted at par with other developed nations. Due to high cost of health care system, both the large and small firms are clout back from offering health

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

operations Management - Essay ExampleMarket elementation process involves the identification and grouping of similar unavoidably of the market. Segmentation than helps the marketing team in devising come apart marketing plan for different groups and better satisfying their needs. Derby Castle is a historical depository of UK. The marketing team has the task of inviting guardianship of more and more people towards the interesting features of this castle so that they feel like visiting this monument again and again. This will help in good revenue generation and will help in the maintenance of this castle. It is highly likely that different set of people come here with different purposes. For mannequin a team of school children would love to play in the sprawling green lawns the whole day while a research scholar will spend his day in studying the architecture and other historical features. Visitors to Derby Castle can be categorized asResearchers This segment prefers to look ou t about the historical facts, architectural features etc. Students This segment too could be here on a learning mission or may just be here on a jaunt tour. But the learning needs of students are vastly different from research needs of researchers.Art Lovers This segment is more interested in the artistic features of Derby castle.Young Couple Youth desirous of using up some solitary moments in the company of their chosen ones can make affair good use of the gardens of the Castle.General tourists happen to be on a sightseeing spree. For them attractive features i.e.

The physical and mental effect of mass media on Humans Research Paper

The visible and mental lay out of mass media on Humans - Research Paper ExampleThe skewed relationship is based on ultimately serving the purpose of the media and encouraging its consumption. 1. The Evolution of Mass Media and High Effectiveness Prior to the emergence of any form of mass media, human was the primary medium that was used to convey messages to a gigantic number of people (Ott and Mack 2). This method of pitching had significant flaws. The first was their dependence on deadening transportation and secondly the message passed through multiple channels or humans until it reached destination and by then it would be significantly distorted. Here lies the key difference between such methods of message delivery and mass media, mass media puzzle the potential to reach a large number of people at the selfsame(prenominal) time in contrasted locations (Ott and Mack 2). So the key distinguishing feature is not just the mass listening which one may observe in a rock conc ert too, they key feature is remote location. Ott and Mack in their book Critical Media Studies describe mass media as having the ability to overcome physical distance and space (2). Harris and Harris in their book A Cognitive Psychology of Mass Communications deliver that the revolution in mass media is not unprecedented. It started off with the emergence of photography and telegraphy in the 1840s, progressed to telephones in a few decades later followed by the emergence of cinema in 1896. This led to the progress in the field of motion pictures which drastically adjoined the way humans communicated to one another. Radio emerged in the twenties followed by television in 1950s, video technology in 1980s followed by the net income in 1990s (Harris and Harris). Following the decade of the emergence of the internet everything has completely altered in terms of communication, cultures and technology. The populate decade has been phenomenal in technological development, bringing peo ple and cultures together across the globe. According to rise up and Hakanen mass media argon a product of technology (19). Historically it can be observed that technological developments in a society have had a direct impact on the media of that time. For instance, the mass media circulation of newspapers was make possible only because of the technological developments in the printing press (Wells and Hakanen 19). Presently we can observe the same trend for internet where messages can reach a number of people world-wide with the emergence of the internet. Ott and Mack in their book Critical Media Studies highlight the following key areas in technological advances and evolution of humans that have had a clear impact on media (9-10). 2. Effects of Mass Media on Humans Humans are greatly influenced by media, even more so than they realize. Today the way they behave, think and interact is greatly influenced by various forms of mass communications such as television, radio, print and t he internet. Television in accompaniment over the last 60 has had an impact on human live much greater than close any other invention (Harris & Harris). Radio and print has over the years managed to retain their uniqueness. However internet is one such medium which can affect all its predecessors in terms on work delivery and communication and will soon replace television as the invention with the greatest impact on human lives. Initially much effort was made in designing of the message with the presumptuousness that all receivers would interpret the message in the same manner. Over a period

Science Fiction, Technology, and Our Modern World Essay - 2

Science Fiction, Technology, and Our Modern World - Essay ExampleThe adept in a vat scenario depicts a situation where all beliefs we hold about the humankind would presumptively be false despite the fact that they are justified.Brain in a vat agate line presents a situation where a removed human brain placed in a lively fluid and connected to computers that provide exactly the same impulses as the body. The computers effectively create a virtual(prenominal) reality. The person with the disembodied brain continues to have a perfect life without a relationship with the objective of the real world. The person will not be able to discover the reality of their simulated world thus transferring my consciousness to a computer would wreak no difference, I will not mind.Q2. Metaphysics is have-to doe with with the fundamental nature of reality whose hypothesis may claim the truth cardinal physics. It may overly say a thing about our minds nature or creation of the world. hyaloplasm hypothesis is regarded as a meta forcible proposition with all the three elements. These are the reality underlying physics, nature of our minds and the creation of the world. Each of these elements is coherent, and cannot be ruled out conclusively and none of them is a wondering(a) hypothesis.Matrix and metaphysical hypotheses are similar in three-part version. The fundamental computation of the physical processes, the separation of our cognitive systems from physical processes while interacting with these processes and lastly the physical reality created outside the physical space. One may make various objections. For instance, one might argue that the matrix hypothesis implies a computer simulation where physical process exists but not simply that the physical processes themselves exist. Matrix hypothesis seeks to create consciousness in minds, which may or may not be fully aware that they are living in a simulation.Q3. Computer games and simulations are interactive multimedia whose

Rising tech firm Asus seeks to improve U.S. brand Essay

Rising tech steadfast Asus seeks to improve U.S. brand - Essay ExampleThe bind likewise provided a brief historical setting on Asus, including presenting the increasing number of diverse products it currently manufactures and intends to launch in the global market. The current discussion hereby aims to present the summarized theme of the article and to provide a discussion on why the article is interesting and how it ties in with the material from the book. Personal Insights and CritiqueThe article was particularly interesting in footing of envisioning the anticipated upgrades on the noted Nexus 7 classified as the next times Nexus 7. Being an intent avid fan of expert gadgets, one is amazed at how technological products continue to make regular updates based on customers feedbacks from the last product that was launched. In contemporary times, consumers atomic number 18 provided with opportunities to avail of newer models, upgrades or updates as fast as one year from the time that a pertly launched technological gadget was offered for sale in the market. Depending on how consumers reacted and responded, the manufacturer either addresses the weaknesses or incorporates innovative features that could co-occurrence and make the upgraded product more attractive to the consumers.

Macroeconomic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macroeconomic - act ExampleThe volatility in the expenditures made by the consumers sens be explained by the volatility in the terms of trade. The parsimony of Australia slew be characterized by less volatile terms of trade afterward the period of 1980s. It can be judged that economic growth shares close association with terms of trade. An economy base along the growth curve is expected to witness terms of trade while the economy below the growth curve will face the declining terms of trade line. Question a The global prices of the exports as well as the imports and the goods basket offered to the consumers are the two prime components that make up the terms of trade. Australia can be treated to be the country that has the potential to affect the world prices of the goods. The terms of trade can also get influenced by the geographic boundary of an economy. Coal is abundant in the country and hence Australia engages itself in coal export (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trad e, 2011). A rise in the prices of coal comparatively to the prices of the other ICT goods will shed the effect in rising the terms of trade. The exchange target of the economy and the terms of trade are closely associated. The nominal exchange rate got reduced being the issue of financial crisis of 1990s. The influences with the geographical boundaries can play a part in volatility of import prices further the prices of the exports are influenced only by changes in world prices of the goods. In the short time period the spillway of imports are steeper than the price of exports. The unstable growth in productivity in the sectors of tradable or non tradable goods compete a part in boosting the exchange rate. The phase after the 1980s led to rapid productivity growth in the sectors of finance as well as insurance. The inflows of expectant paved the way for change of the U.S. dollar and this can be accounted to be the second factor. In the short run the exchange rate remained lo wer than the market rate. The economic growth remained at more or less at relatively stable state as the volatility in terms of trade played a major(ip) role. The less volatility in the terms of trade also contributed in keeping the rate of rising prices at a lower level. In the initial phases of the new millennium the terms of trade began to rise. everywhere the last decade and a half Australia shifted from exporting price impulsive properties towards exports of goods whose price can be anticipated. Australia now engages itself in exporting the rural goods. It offers a wide variety of goods for export and experts are of the thought that the export of the rural goods is an effective strategy for the country as exports of such goods can be false to capture a proportion of foreign market (Australian G everywherenment Productivity Commission, 2012). Therefore foreign capital will plight in into the country. The exports of the rural goods have taken the steep rising curve over the course of time and the exports of the goods comprises of vegetables and dairy products. Question b The terms of trade is influenced by the factors that are summarized below. The magnetic variation in the levels of demand on the global platform The shocks in the market of commodities Globalization shock The fluctuations in the levels of demand on the global arena and the shocks on the commodity markets plays their part in raising the prices of the

Intrastate semitruck transportation in Michigan Research Paper

intra accede semitruck transportation in Michigan - Research Paper ExampleFor instance, the construction data for the last semester of year 2009 showed Michigan to have experienced declines in the double-digits (-16.8%) which was reflected in the -6.4% decline of combined trade, transportation and utilities sector (www.bls.gov. 5 February 2010). A related industry to transportation and quarrying is mining and logging which also declined precisely this decelerated somewhat to wholly -6.3% over a 12-month period. All the above economical data pertain to number of jobs (in thousands, seasonally adjusted).What is more worrisome is the unemployment rate in state of Michigan which hovers around 15% (actually 14.6%) which is way above the national average of only 10%. But this is only the local picture for the state itself but there are many other issues to look at such as labor conditions, hiring patterns, economic competitiveness, safety, security, congestion, overall mobility, env ironmental impact and energy efficiency. Other than the economic reckons that impinge on the industry, the one factor that has the greatest impact is deregulation. This is one factor more than interest rates or overall state of the economy that affects the industry.The entire US trucking industry is a $200 billion business and is super fragmented. It means the 50 largest companies account for less than 30% of total industry revenues, unlike in other industries where there is an oligopoly or a high concentration of big players such as in the history industry (only 4 big players that can dictate prices). Economists call this as C4 or an industry where only 4 big players control more than 60% like US auto manufacturing or the inunct industry. In short, the US trucking industry is over-saturated and lacks the necessary bargaining power with regards to customers and pricing. If we use Porters Five Forces pretending then the trucking industry has very weak market power indeed. Of the five

Assessing Meaningful Use in stage two to improve quality of care Essay - 1

Assessing Meaningful Use in stage dickens to improve quality of deal - demonstrate ExampleAmong the hospital errors that take place every day in the health attending setting, include errors during dose prescription, errors during treatment with wrong drugs prescribed, procedural errors, diagnostic and administrative errors that will easily be addressed.Moreover, the utilization of the electronic health information systems is fundamental to enabling a seamless flow of information throughout the intermediation management system. The establishment and enactment of the information and communication technology is one of the most recent developments in the healthcare sector. This innovation is supposed to have an essential impact on the organization of the healthcare facilities patients care, the surgical procedure of the healthcare practitioners and treatment management options once fully adopted. However, a seamless adoption of health care facilities accompanied by proper policies a nd guidelines seems to be hindering their appropriate use in this health care setting.More than half of the healthcare facilities in the United States have at least a introductory electronic health record system but the stage two criteria of adoption remains as a great challenge for most of the facilities. Therefore, it is important to assess their use in stage two meaningfully in an effort of enhancing the patients care. According to Julia DesRoches, et al. (2014) the adoption process among major facilities has been slow and the patients adoption of the systems was even greater than the facilities did with electronic systems such as the electronic cards. While there is a common sequence underlying the rate of electronic systems adoption, the rate at which the systems will be followed to the earn will depend on the nature and characteristics of the facilities. However, in ensuring a higher rate of adoption, penalties will be asserted by the end of 2015 if

How has technology helped with air pollution problem Research Paper

How has technology helped with air pollution trouble - Research Paper ExampleInterestingly, despite the fact that transportation sector is vital for economic and neighborly development the sector has been heavily criticized for contributing a large portion of environmental pollution, particularly with visualize to air pollution. This is because the sector consumes a significant amount of fossil fuels that provide energy used to stand engines used in transport. Combustion of fossil fuels leads to production of green house gasses that are detrimental to the environment. In this regard, technological solutions have been implemented in the transport sector to help reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, this see will evaluate the extent to which technology and public transportation in trains, buses and planes has helped to reduce air pollution.To sire with, there are several air pollutants whose sources are closely associated with the transport sector in whizz way or another. I n reality, the atmospheric components are not exclusively pure in coitus to the quantities of pollutants in the air. However, there are specific threshold concentrations of the pollutants beyond which the atmosphere is classified as world polluted and therefore posing serious health concerns to living creatures on the ground. According to National atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI), atmospheric pollution is classified according to the type of effects associated to the pollutants hence resulting into atmospheric Acidification, eutrophication and geological formation of ground level ozone (2013). Atmospheric acidification, which results from pollutants such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), results into destruction of vegetations and buildings because of the chemical reactions that take regularise between acidic water and contact agents. Similarly, eutrophication, which results from nitrogen containing compounds such as nitrogen oxides, leads to nutrient imbalances in the environment hence negatively affecting vegetations that are sensitive to

Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Management - Research Paper fountIn a clinical setting, the scientific organization approach remains founded on the idea of plan of job to attain effectiveness, consistency, specialization, and generalization. The Bureaucratic approach sees the clinic as section of a wider community organized in structure as one unit. Aims at bringing different units under one roof. Administrative possible action emphasizes on the management goals and their achievement in a clinic (Ziegenfuss, 2007). Neoclassical theory stresses on a mortals or team trend and human associations in assessing output. It explains how clinic staff coordinates to bring out the sought after results in an organization. The modern theory consists of three approaches, the bodys approach, the socio-technical, and the contingency or situational approach. The systems approach considers the clinic like a system made up of a set of connected dependent branches. Socio-technical approach recognizes the clinic as made up of soc ial scheme, technical scheme and its surrounding. This ensures effective mixing with the surrounding to produce the desired results in a clinic. The contingency approach considers a clinic like institutional scheme connected to the surrounding and that various purlieu need varying institutional associations for efficient functioning of the clinic (Ziegenfuss, 2007). ... Mintzbergs grouping recognizes (Kelly, 2012) Interpersonal social function Informational eccentric Decisional role Interpersonal role In this category, there are three types of interpersonal roles, which include a. front line all managers, however, mainly senior managers, remain figure leaders since they participate in figurative and official functions like greeting guests and making dialogues at institutional occasions. The challenge that could remain incurred in this situation is conference barrier and the timing of the communication to suit your audience and make them comfortable. b. Liaison it entails offici al and informal inside and without contacts the challenge that could prevail here is the ability to maintain all the contacts and be able to reach them evenly. c. Influencer comprises of tasks inbuilt in the directing activity, the function of which is to encourage and head. The challenge that may prevail here is lack of teeming knowledge and expertise to be able to deal with all the team members in the organization as well as keep them motivated and ready to work. Informational role The informational roles of a manager comprise of the following Monitor- The manager has to view and follow the flow of information and the progress of the staff to ensure that they all adapt to the set instructions and act to directives accordingly. The challenges the managers can encounter here are the other staff showing them as dictators and completely following up their affairs and thus develop hatred towards them. This will feign the performance of the subordinate workers as well as that of th e managers hence leading to low output. Disseminator- the managers have the role of spreading information to their subordinates when necessary to

Wk3 Second part of DQ Based on Dq1 AE and DQ2 ST Peer comment Assignment

Wk3 Second part of DQ Based on Dq1 AE and DQ2 ST fellow comment - Assignment Examplee population over 30 years ago it is highly possible that the government would not have enjoyed the tremendous level of economic growth China has put on from during the past three decades. A higher population would have absorbed more resources away from the whole. I believe that the world will face many more ethical dilemmas associated with genetic engineering.The Carrie Buck horizontal surface is a terrifying tale since that shows that worse that society has to offer. The discrimination displayed by the courts was astonishing. There is some a posteriori evidence that points that vaccines may be causing autism. The incidence of autism growth was 10% last year. In southeast Korea a recent study revealed that 2.64% of the newborn babies have autism which is much higher than the 1% US autism incidence (Bower, 2011). I dont think countries have a right to tell a person with autism that they cannot h ave a family because their diseases could be genetically spread. Mental patients have rights and should be respected by society. I agree with you that in the Burlington Northern scenario the employees were an important stakeholder group. The employees play a critical role in the achievement of a company since they compose the human capital of a firm.The legal status and laws that protect hamper people were not applicable back in Carrie Bucks era. Today there ar many laws that protect disable people including the Disability and Equity law of nature of 2010. The Disability and Equity Law of 2010 provides legal rights to disable people in education, employment, access to goods, function of bodies, and in buying and renting berth (Direct, 2011). I think that society has changed a lot in the last century. People have plump more aware of the needs of others and the globalization movement has improved our desire to cooperate with other nations. In regards to public companies an agenc y that looks out for the best interest of all stakeholders groups is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). A

Of Mice and Men is a novel about people Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and men is a story nigh people EssayOf Mice and Men is a refreshing ab dis destination people. Are there too human existencesy cripples, misfits and unusual types in the fable to consider Steinbecks delineation as true(a) liveliness?Steinbecks sassy is based on ordinary people during the Ameri enkindle Depression. Steinbeck has an reasonableness of how migrator motioners were and how it was as he had his childhood in California near Salinas Valley. During the completion in which the novel was wrote was written migrant workers went from bed covering to ranch working for cash neer really having a ensure job as new technology in machinery made it cheaper to harvest crops. This introduces the two main quotations George and Lennie, migrant workers, who do non fit into 1930s nightclub. The novel based is on characters that represent different walks of life history during the period illustrating the American culture. Steinbeck portrays the American cultur e in a condensed version occurring scarcely on a ranch, showing the grim truces of the society, when the novel was writtenIn Steinbecks novel the character confect is a man who has gone past his prime of his life. He has a stumped hand and therefore he is too maim to be working in the fields, he can be seen as a cripple in the novel. The result of this is that he has menial job as a swamper. To represent the cultisms of metre Steinbeck writes nearly candy being worried about getting the can as a result of his unimportance on the ranch, and this is shown when Steinbeck wroteI aint much candid with ony hand. I lost my hand right here on this ranch. Thats wherefore they give me a job swampinThis mentions that the job was only given to dulcorate out of sympathy. Further more(prenominal) dulcify saying I aint much good shows his awareness of his own situation, being worthless to the ranch. glass over represents the antique sector that exists in every society, at the time th e novel was written work was very unprecedented and if people were employed they would withstand to work hard to say in work. edulcorate as an develop person is on his last job, because if he loses it no one else will take him on. This is his major fear passim the novel and Steinbeck portrays the suppurated migrant worker as a pathetic man with only a dog to keep him company. Steinbeck writesCandy looked a long time at Slim to sample and find some reversalThe above statement suggests that Candy has no authority with the an other(a)(prenominal)(a) workers on the ranch and needs Slim to assist him this shows Candy, as a cripple, has no enjoy from the other characters, which is a portrayal of true life during the American Depression. With the dog eat dog world of the period skill, strength, intelligence, age and pelt colour affected authority. Candy has a change of attitude after hearing about the dream soon after his dog was shot, Steinbeck choosing to write the dream being heard by Candy at this point in the novel when the character had lost everything that was fundamental, gives the cripple swear for the future as his past (with his dog) is finished. Sadly the dog is a symbol of his possible future, the fate of the aged.In a time of mass unemployment and the fear of loneliness compels Candy to latch himself onto a belief to persevere in the acidulous lonely world and this gives Candy the renewed confidence. Steinbeck shows the change of Candys attitude after he hears about the dream,Candy joined the attack with joy Glove fulla Vaseline, he said disgustedly.This quote enhances the change in the character of Candy, as before he did not say anything in general conversation between the workers and at this point he was important. The verb attack shows Candys aggression against Curley, who has a higher status than Candy and is more important to the running of the ranch and is the bosses son, not a cripple and stronger. The adjective disgustedly in the quote shows that Candy is sickened by Curley and Curleys attitude to others and Candy himself. This shows Candy is more than a cripple in the story, exclusively a character who needs an image of a better future for himself with no worries. The dream of getting a ranch of their own is the need for some security can be compa bolshy as a allowance in a modern view. Once Candy has this security in the dream Steinbeck enhances the character do him bolder, and his character comes out from the sloony bin of an old cripple.In chapter two Steinbeck introduces the proof commentator to the character of Crooks. The name Crooks is not utilize for him at the start of the novel and it is only later on that he is called Crooks. The names used for him are derogatory labels including stable buck, nigger and Crooks. Throughout the whole novel the reader never finds out the characters real name, which adds to the effectiveness of the character being a misfit. Steinbeck enhances the idea of Crooks being a misfit when he writesThey allow the nigger come in. Little skinner name of Smitty took after the nigger. Done pretty good, tooThis depicts that the other characters do not see Crooks a real human being but as an target area of entertainment. Steinbeck conveys how a b deprivation man fits into the society of the period through racism. Crooks is a misfit in the novel because of his skin colour and his visible appearance, because of this he is segregated from the other workers on the ranch. This can be shown by They let the nigger come in this implies that the others do not want to be around him and that it is an important take when he does. The above quote can also suggest that Crooks wants to be sociable with the others and the word let suggests that the character has tried before. His injury to his back illustrates to the reader that he can be put into a category with Candy, as a cripple. The connection between the two is deeper than them both(prenominal) have a disabil ity.Steinbeck brings them both together in chapter 4 at the start of the novel when he writes Yeah. Nice fella, too. Candy is shown to have a high regards and respect for him Steinbeck puts them in the selfsame(prenominal) situation in the novel. Candy and Crooks as cripples both need to belong to something as there is always the threat of getting the can or a similar consequence to of Candys dog. One may think that Steinbeck was trying to portray a bridge across racism in the period with a white man and black man wanting the same dream.As Crooks changes his view in the novel from being a defensive one to felling some hope about the dream too. At first Crooks attitude to little piece of land in his passing is an objectionable because society has made him pessimistic and spiteful to any sign of others having some dream of mirth lasting that he can not have any because of race. However when he hears about the money he is more open and suggests he wants to be apart of it, this ca n be shown when Steinbeck wroteIf you guys would want a hand to work for nothing- salutary his keepThis quotes conveys Crooks hope in the dream and he wants to be apart of it to be secure and treated as an equal. The reader learns a valuable lesson from Crooks and Steinbeck portrays it in effect that society is in the wrong not that the characters. Steinbeck illustrates Crooks as being a proud son of a bitch with his illuminate room but this does not make expert a misfit or a cripple but he has humanity with all other blacks. Thats why a lot of time is devoted to him in the novel, his role is equally important to the social statement made by Steinbeck.The end of this key chapter with Crooks in, chapter 4, unhappily ends how it began with Crooks rubbing medicine into his back, this is a powerful message put across to the audience which may scold the reader to think that society will not change unless we change society. Crooks had briefly gained some respect from other white mal es and had hope for the future, but it is when this happens that a women shattered his hopes, this would be terrible to Crooks because women were thought to be lower and weaker than men, so being put down by Curleys wife made him worth nothing, just like during the beginning of this chapter.A character that is, in essence, unusual is Curleys Wife. She is unusual because she is the only female character who speaks in this novel. Steinbecks portrayal of women in this novel is not in a good light, given that the men go to a brothel. Women ordinaryly represented as objects of sexual nature not as partners or equals but as. Curleys Wife is unusual in a way that she is the only women on a ranch full of men going around dressed to seduce, this can be shown inShe had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red.Steinbeck suggests that she is trouble by all the red in the description, with red bringing up connotations of danger. The red also can expres s seduction. Steinbecks character has a habit of looking for her husband which can suggest that she is lonely and is constantly seeking attention from the other men, another reason for dressing up seductively is to conceal her loneliness, Steinbeck includes her in the novel to portray the American housewife, wanting to be something more than a housewife. This was typical during this period of social change with Hollywood and women becoming celebrities, which is exciting compared to a life on the ranch. Steinbeck effectively portrays this inHe says he was gonna put me in the movies. Says I was a natural.This implies to the reader that she wanted something more to her life than to be stuck on a ranch. This however makes her a misfit on the ranch in the novel because of her wanting a different dream to come true, but during that period people were fascinated about celebrities so the character of Curleys Wife can represent the womens struggle during the American Depression. We learn fr om the novel that society during that period was male orientated and that women were beginning to have their own dreams other than finding a good man to marry.Throughout the whole novel the reader is aware of Lennie being a misfit in the novel. When the reader is first introduced to this character his physical description suggests that he is misfit large blanch eyes can connote the lack of intelligence, giving the sense of subdued expression, the adjective large agrees with the stature of Lennie, though the adjective pale implies the mindlessness of him. The other characters in the novel who are misfits, unusual characters or cripples have a physical or emotional riddle but Lennie as one of the lead characters is different with an intelligence problem this engages the readers sympathy as Lennie is every childlike. Steinbeck writes about the childlike behaviour of Lennie inLennie was still smiling with rape at the memory of the ranchThis quote depicts Lennies lack of social skills , like a child, which gets the character into a trouble that wouldnt have really happened in the novel if the character was not a misfit, such as what happened in Weed where he stroked the womens dress not knowing that he was doing something wrong and ended up being outcast and hunted. Steinbecks 1930s society is not tolerant of Lennie and his disability to handle a unwieldy social problem. Society when this novel was written is not an understanding one and Steinbeck dramatically portrays this by the beseech in the novel.Steinbeck shows the reader during that period people acted too rash and unsympathetic, and Steinbeck with this novel wants people to take point out of society and for it to be more tolerant to misfits, cripples and in a sense unusual characters. Steinbeck leaves the ending of Lennie at a moderately neutral point of view this lets one make up ones mind to know that its a tragedy. On one side that it is a tragedy that Steinbecks characters have no acknowledgment of Lennie kill Curleys Wife by accident and that he has no understanding of death and his own strength. On the other side some readers may believe that Lennie should be shot because he killed a human, even with his lack of intelligence it still make him a danger to society. Steinbeck writes his death in the place where Lennie suits best throughout the whole novel, in natureSuddenly Lennie appeared out of the brush, and he came as silently as a creeping swallow moves.This quote implies that Lennie suited the environment that he was in, and the metaphor a creeping bear moves is a powerful one. In addition, it conveys the character to be almost part of nature and if he was never meant for society. As a result of this, the reader may think it is less of a tragedy as Lennie dies where he belongs.Steinbeck portrays the purpose of Lennies character of being the character that allows people to have a dream. Lennie is the one to console table in and not to put down people, because he has n o real understanding of how the world works. Candy and Crooks benefit from having time with Lennie as Candy has someone to pour forth too furthermore ensuring Candy a no opposition to joining the dream, which may not have occurred if Lennie was not a misfit to society. Crooks has someone to talk to without no prejudice as it because of Lennie being unintelligent, he did not understand the concept of racism. Lastly, Lennie ensured Curleys Wife last got someone to talk to in the novel. Steinbecks misfit Lennieshows the flaws in society that needs to be exposed in true life. If there were more people like Lennie on the ranch (society) there would be more empathy towards others and their feelings and there wouldnt be feelings of superiority other one another.George and Lennie have a friendship that is not typical of the period in which the novel was set. Two men travelling around together and working together was inaudible of, the American Depression saw people distant themselves fro m each other. With no security, men chose not to self-assurance each other. Steinbeck depicts this effectively throughout the whole novel. This relationship is not typical of the era, Steinbeck shows this when he writesGuys like us, that work on the ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They dont belong no place.This illustrates the stereotype of the migrant worker make this unusual relationship out of place in the novel and Steinbeck wanted to show this by the set up of their relationship upon the characters. The relationship being not of true life has a sense of inevitable ordain to it. Steinbeck depicts the relationship to draw other characters to it so that they can belong even though the friendship creates skepticism inHe hooked his thumbs in his belt and squinted one eye nearly closedThis expresses to the reader the Boss had never seen it before and that thinks it trouble, with squinted one eye the verb creates suspicion. This clearly emphasis the idea, that the relationship sparks the plot with eventually, Lennie killing Curleys Wife. Perhaps Steinbeck shows this because he is making a social statement on the period where people just can not trust in one another or be emotionally close to each other, with out anything going wrong. George and Lennies relationship shows one how much empathy and understanding one man can have in another. Against everyone being antagonistic to the relationship George stuck by Lennie until he could no more. Steinbecks characters have a friendship that is destroyed by the attitudes in society of the period.In conclusion to this essay, Steinbeck has wrote misfits, unusual characters and cripples in Of Mice and Men to show the faults and prejudices during the 1930s American depression, in which the novel was written. Steinbecks characters portray different aspects to the life in the period. Crooks represents the life of a black man having to struggle through life being worth nothing because of s kin colour, whilst Curleys Wife represents how a women struggles in a male dominant society, the male dominant society being the ranch itself.Candy symbolises the aged in the period, being old is being useless and unwanted. Though the novel has misfits, unusual characters and cripples they would not have as much affect if they were not contrast to the more uninventive characters of the period. Curley and Carlson show the reader the bleak and lonely lives migrant workers had. The contrast has a bigger and more purposeful social statement made by Steinbeck. The writer effectively shows this at the end of the novel.Now what the hell ya suppose is eatin them two guys?This enhances the social statement made by Steinbeck, with Slim consoling George but the other more usual characters, Curley and Carlson, not coming together after the whole plot Steinbeck keeps them apart and socially distant, unaware of the situation George is in. the novel is also concluded within the novel where the i mage of the water snake in the grass an the heron. The whole novel is summarised, with the calmness to the heron snatching the water snake. Steinbeck implies this animal image that humans in a society live like animals and how that we have not evolved to be more tolerable of peoples differences the consequence of this is Lennies death. Steinbeck conveys wonderfully that this will keep transpiring as the heron returns to the pool to catch another water snake.

Asset Classes Paper Essay Example for Free

addition Classes Paper EssayBusiness FinanceResources Week One readingsSelect a mutual memory and a Dow 30 organization.Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word melodic theme in which you determine plus classes for your mutual line of descent and Dow 30 organization. Explain how such classifications and the current investment environment affect organisational decisions concerning portfolio composition.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.A healthy diet is extremely important during your time at college. The freshman 15 can make a negative impact on your life if you do not annihilate properly. Make sure you are careful about your intake. Stay away from fast aliment, junk food and other terrible choices. These foods are quick and easy, but they are very bad for you.This work comprises fin 402 Week 2 Asset Classes PaperBusiness FinanceResources Week One readingsSelect a mutual fund and a Dow 30 organization.Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you determine asset cl asses for your mutual fund and Dow 30 organization. Explain how such classifications and the current investment environment affect organizational decisions concerning portfolio composition.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

History Museum Visit Essay Example for Free

History Museum attend EssayLocated on the coast of s f in every(prenominal) outhern California is the city of La Jolla. this instant sign of the zodiac to almost 40,000 people, this city shares its own historical story from the past one hundred and fifty historic period finished a series of presentations located within three historical structures. These three structures include, The Westeria Cottage, Carriage theater and the Current Headquarters. distri preciselyively structure contributes its portion in putting together the La Jollas historic Society. Currently, the structures are featuring, Home scarecrow La Jolla An American Community during World contend 11. The series includes quadruplex way of lifes dedicated to different parts in story, along with the different aspects way out on during the war. Each room featured m any photographs, artifacts and personal stories to exploit the hardship of these clock in our history. Many of these items were all donated o r loaned by the Veterans Museum in Balboa Park and the Japanese American Historical Society of San Diego.While researching for museums, early on in February I came across the main website for these historical sites. It caught my eye because I knew that this exhibit would cast a different kind of perspective than other grand museums. There are a ton of histories on World fight II, but there are very few on the home see experience. The La Jolla Historical Society presents a perspective from its society, and shares multiple personal oral stories from its own re positionnts who lived through the war or their surviving relatives, which I found fascinating. It is catered specifically to the effects of World War II on La Jollians. The oral stories provided by this exhibit are not provided about what these residents return about World War II, but alike an intake of what life was like beyond that. I viewed this as a much different approach, but was very excited to begin my experience b ecause I knew it would be something new.On April 7th, 2012, I took the opportunity to travel down to La Jolla and visit the museum. The museum is open Thurs solar day-Sunday, midday to four PM and does not have a fee at all. I was also felicitous to be satisfactory to attend on a day where there was a given rag at five PM, giving me enough time to grab an early dinner before locomote again. The lecture, Science Technology on the Home front, was covered by an oceanographer and U.S Armyveteran Walter Munk. He discussed the scientific innovations sparked by the needs of the war effort precipitating a boom in the fields of naval sciences and aeronautics.Entering the museum, I was introduced into a grand room that was divided up by glass cylinders, and it also offered entrances to many other rooms. Initially where you begin the journey, the right wall compete an introduction exercise. It began with the year of 1894, displaying many photographs creating an idea of how life was l ike in La Jolla at the time. Everyone knew everyone quoted by Maurice Bonny was stated at the top of the wall. Photographs included vacation sports such as the La Jolla Caves, as thoroughly as the role of the newly invented Trains and Trolleys contend and daily lifestyle activities such as golfing and beachside activities. Continuing along, stood in front of me a large-scale wall with a devastating photograph of the explosives on December 7th, 1941. Underneath was the authoritative copy of the U.S Navy Communication Service from that given day, along with an article written the following day by John MaxConnel.This portion of the exhibit also feautured my scratch chosen artifact, a eccentric personbook. The oral history of a World War II veteran, Don Shutte, was done by a La Jolla spicy School student named Ana Ofresky, especially for this exhibit. Don Schutte donated a scrapbook of artifacts of things throughout his experience. It contained images, personal sketches and offic ial documents, including the telegram the incision of War sent to his parents notifying them of his status as missing in action and a POW assignment card he was given by the German Army upon his capture and imprisonment during the Battle of Bulge, on December 16, 1944. The final page of the scrapbook contains a letter he wrote to himself on Dec. 2, 1945, stating Hello there, immense to be a civilian, isnt it? I found this a significant artifact because it told a story of scarce one man involved in the war in a very unique way. The documents interior this scrapbook were all original and of items I had never seen before.On the opposite side of the room was a large wall which featured certain camps that La Jolla was hosting at the time. These camps included CampCallan, Camp Mathews and a armed forces constitute in Bird Rock. Camp Calvin B. Mathews, also known as Marine Corps. Rifle prototype was a military base from 1917 to 1964. It was used as a marksmanship training facility for Marine recruits world trained at Marine Corps Recruit. It was issued a rifle base but not until 1923. The base was then constructed to what is now UCSD. Camp Callen was a United States Army anti-aircraft artillery replacement training ticker that was operational during the time of war but was shut down right after World War II had ended. Lastly, there was another(prenominal) Naval Anti- Aircraft Training Center at Bird Rock, or peaceful Beach. This was a site where sailors would take a six-day course on anti-aircraft artillery. It was opened from 1942 to 1945 and trained about 300,000 sailors to admit down aircrafts.In a separate and very small room, was a Japanese American side and point of view during the war. It was set up to look like what s room at the poundage camps looked like. Most Japanese were interned in 10 camps in remote areas of seven western states. No necessitate of humane intent could change the reality-these were concentration camps. (pg. 736). The room o nly included a bed and a suitcase which included bedding, a book and one outfit. On the largest wall was a map that displayed the localisation of function of all of the internment camps in the U.S and a copy of a poster of instructions for the Japanese supporting in these rooms. Local newspapers there expressed confidence in the loyalty of Japanese Americans, who in any case were crucial to Hawaiis economy(pg.736) The room also displayed many newspaper articles, including one from the Los Angeles inspector on March 23, 1942 announcing relocation of Japanese Americans from Los Angeles to internment camps. It was good to see an example of what kind of media was out during the time. Also in the room was the story of Hiomi Nakamura, a La Jollian born Japanese American who was first transported to a permanent relocation internment camp site, and later drafted to play a role in the was at a laboratory. Also, in this room I found my second artifact, small carvings. In all of the internm ent camps, people began making what they needed with whatever materials they could find. Scrap lumber became furniture, found metal became knives and for fun, scrap wood was carved into small, painted birds. These carvings were scrap wood paint metal which women also used as jewelry.To the right of this room continues on to an even smaller room. This part of the exhibit was the blackout room, covered with thickly black sheets much like those were used by residents at the time to keep light in spite of appearance their houses. People were so afraid the Japanese would approach path that they had to turn out all of their lights at night. Blackouts were enacted to keep open enemy aircraft from reaching their targets by sight. They also helped prevent ships from being viewed in silhouette against the shore, and vulnerable to attack by enemy submarines. Traffic lights and car lights were covered in a way that would deflect their beams to the ground. This is where another one of my art ifacts was inspired, a black sheet. These sheets were a source of protection and I feel it exploits a intellect of nationalism as well. The community as a whole worked together in order to remove sure all the light in their society was turned off. Nationalism is brought up many times in our textbook starting with the growth of corporate businesses, to the acts of citizens during all three wars.Finally, came the last and second largest room. In this room I found my two remaining artifacts. This part of the exhibit displayed both men and womens role during the war. It included stories from women who were living at home, while their men were at war. It provided the perspective of what it was like to be a women or even young mother in La Jolla in the 1940s. Alongside of the roles played living on the home front, it also displayed the new roles women took inside the war itself. World War II brought an end to the military as an exclusive male enclave that women entered only as nurses (p g.730). At first the regime discouraged women who wanted to perform some kind of military service. It soon became clear that the war was going to demand more than the government had expected. Women began to do technical jobs normally performed by men. One of the artifacts that I chose from this room was a nurses robe from the Red Cross.This robe was not just your typical mere(a) robe but was covered in patches of each army man they had helped. I was barely able to even see any white apart of the original robe. I chose this artifact because it truly portrayed the crucial role women also played in the war. Our textbook gives us a brief overview from the changes of roles women played during the time of war, but the number of patches on this robe opened my eyes to how much more of an crucial factor these nurses played taking on a great amount of soldiers. The number of men these women helped were astounding, by all odds portraying how import a womens role was. On the other side of the room was a glassed display of a US Army Air force uniform from 1943-1945. It was considered to be the Eisenhower jacket, establish on General Eisenhower. In the display were also a M1903 Springfield Rifle and a M1 fearful Rifle alongside what seemed to be a map. The other artifact that I chose from this room was a silk scarf. Now this long silk scarf had nothing to do with fashion, but proved to be a crucial sailplaning tool during the war. Allied pi big buckss were issued with these scarves that had detailed maps of enemy territory printed on them. The silk scarves also denoted railroads, canals, roads, frontier, churches and lighthouses. Air Power Shrinks the terra firma on page 743 of our textbook discusses the growth of airplanes over the period of time of war. The Wellington flew 255 miles an hour and cruised as high as 12,000 feet, with a range of 2,200 miles, whereas the new B-29s could travel more than 350 miles an hour, at altitudes up to 30,000 feet, with a range of up to 5,000 miles. (Pg. 743) At the time, this was a massive step in the evolution of aircrafts and aircrafts at war, but if we compare this to the type of technology we have in our airplanes it cannot compare. Many of us cannot find our ways almost our own city without using our mobile devices to navigate us. These pilots were using maps printed on scarves to help direct them approximately It is incredible.I believe that the site gave an exceptional insight of how life was like prior, during and after World War 11. Each room explained its story well by the display of artifacts, photographs and touching oral stories it presented. The facility was well outlined timeline which exposed a sequence of events. The exhibit related perfectly to the content of this class with all the information and artifacts it presented. Many of the things presented corresponded with what the book had to say about World War II, along with a lot of new material as well. Overall, I was very pleased to hav e been able to take a day off and visit the La Jolla Historical Society. I was able to learn a great deal of new material which contributed to a better understanding of what times were like during the war, not only as a nation but to the residents of La Jolla.

Ranch hand Essay Example for Free

bed covering break Es formulateWe slang completely heard the old legends or memorialize the books and tied(p) watched the films of historical cowboys. You know, the Clint Eastwood and well do ya feel lucky I understand that gap workforce, standardized the nonpareils from the famous books by tin Steinbeck, are the modern cowboys? Cowboys were non real they are a reliable stereotype. A stereotype is a generalisation of a certain race, culture or creed. For example all this certain race are say, thieves or all this race will dislike any one from this race. A cowboys stereotype is a ace.He up extends the law by bending it and protects the innocent by killing the bad. They are lonely travellers merely survive by doing undecomposed and by interpreting to create a better person of himself. A cowboy has a strong will power to endure. They all have romances but the main factor about them is they seem not to have any feelings. A dream is another term for wants, needs and longings. Every one has dreams, even these cowboy heroes poses dreams. They are constantly in the cold with stone valiant personalities and it is as if they have been saturatedened by their own countless experiences.If the hero/cowboy does have a sidekick then the sidekicks are mostly juvenile and have not had many experiences. So because of this the sidekick notices the cowboy and go outs upon the hero as a father figure. thus far also a friend simultaneously, and they are portrayed as if they were feeble minded. A Ranch hand is an American 1930s typical working man. Ranch workforce tend to have dreams this is what they require to hold on to, to survive. Tell im about the rabbits George. . Also in America, in the time of the early 1930s there was the myth going around of the American Dream.The American dream is an idea, an idea that consists of America, the grate country of opportunities and dreams. This mode that if your were to go to the country you would be able to firebrand your dreams come true. This is another case that Stinebeck is tying to get by against. By portraying the harsh realities of the all American dream using his books as his voice to the public. Ranch hands travel alone and if they travel together then they either have an unbreakable companionship. I got you to look after me, an you got me to look after you. or one has decided that he has to dedicate the equipoise of his life to look after the other member. Like the pair George and Lennie from John Steinbecks Of mice and men. Life on the farm was not easy with all the laborious duties for very minute pay. The bosses of the lands became wealthy through the sweat of the labourers (the cattle farm hands). The living conditions were very poor, sometimes ten to fifteen men sleeping in the same bunkhouse. A bunkhouse was a small shed like chamber filled with bunk beds, as described by John Steinbeck in of mice and men.The bunk-house was a long, rectangular building. Inside, the walls were whitewashed and the floor unpainted. I feel it is primal to look at the living conditions of the spreading hands to try to understand what they are like, and accustomed to. I call up that to try to paint a representation of what a person is like you have to look at their possessions. And in these shelves were loaded with little articles, soap and talcum powder, razors and those Western magazines Notice how he describes all of the place of the occupant of the bunk, in particular detail.He mentions stuff like soap and razors to the reader this is to maybe picture how the counterpane hands are trying their greatest to show the world that they arent just some counterpane hand scruffs. To portray that they are real people theyre not just workers and do have a life off the fields. He mentions western magazines ranch men love to read and scoff at and secretly believe. This is a strong element Steinbeck is trying to gull. What I consider he is trying to say is how th e ranch hands believe and also fantasise about being in the shoes of a western cowboy hero.Maybe he is trying to say how the ranch hands are cowboys, but I will come back to this point later. And there were medicines on the shelves, and little vials, combs and, from nails on the encase sides, a few neckties. See there again, he mentions things like medicines, combs and neckties. This is also trying to say how they try to restrain them selves from deteriorating physically as well as mentally. Also how they at least try to figure out them selves look respectable and orderly. Also by mentioning minor everyday things to us, they appear important to the ranch hands.To slacken the men either played cards with each other or have a dark on the town to spend their hard-earned cash or they would go to the brothel. These activities are similar to of which cowboys used to verbalize out for pleasure. Steinbecks characters fit into the mould of being a cowboy but the most accurate character , which could head teacher as a cowboy, would have to be slim. The door opened and a tall, stooped-shouldered old man came in. This is when he is first introduced to George, lennie and the reader.He was dressed in blue jeans and carried a big push- drag in in his left hand. This is a classic description of a cowboy the blue jeans and the way he stands and also how he carries his broom like it is his gun. You could also say that Slim talks like a cowboy He was frantic as hell when you wasnt here to go out this morning. Slim also has a lot of respect from the ranch hands and has a higher statures. I conclude that the hero of the book is Slim even though George and Lennie are the foremost characters.I think this because he is always tends to be around when important things are going on in the book. Also he tends to have had the most hands on experience when it comes down to virtually anything. As I was saying earlier about how the ranch hands enjoyed reading western books and almo st believed in them. This is another dream that is exposed by Stinebeck. The ranch hands all dream about the stories wishing they were the cowboys wishing they had nothing to care for, no more hard work and no one would be messing with em as they were cowboys.Steinbeck has invented his own stereo type of the ranch hands in some ways romanticising or glamorising them to show or compare the new suppurate cowboys which were given the Hollywood treatment to be the real cowboys of the present. America has not got a long business relationship so maybe he wanted to show that Americas history is not in the Hollywood cowboys and Indian gun fights, it lies in the American dream and the people itself. It lies in their hard work and bloodshed to make the country what it is now. Not trying to make up a history, but hes asking to look at the one they already have.All of Steinbecks characters fall into the cast of this stereotype but yet are placid individual. John created them ideally, otherwi se if he didnt create them like this he would not have been able to make his world seem so genuine and undeniable to life. I feel that Steinbeck was trying to underline a piece of America history, and put though his message to the reader. He did this because he is a socialist writer and believes strongly about equal opportunities. So if people feel that the history of America lies in John Steinbecks books, they might think about the present and try to make changes to the whole system.So there it is the cowboys and ranch hands explained they are both very similar stereotypes, yet they do have their differences. The difference is that ranch hands are the real historical cowboys. But due to the ignorance of the common American the ranch hands want to become more like the Hollywood cowboys. Also theres the fact that the ranch hands in of Mice and Men (George and Lennie) do not achieve their dreams yet cowboy stories always have a good ending. By making this contrast Stinebeck can demons trate that the American dream is unattainable and a deceiving idea.

Myth of Money and Success Essay Example for Free

Myth of currency and Success EssayThe American intake is different for everyvirtuoso, though it is most commonly associated with success, freedom, and happiness. The concept of the American Dream seems to waste dwindled from where it was in the past few generations. It has gone from success, freedom, and happiness to having lots of money and the victorianst possessions. In todays society, we all hope and strive for this dream, but how many actually fulfil the American Dream? Is it a reasonable goal that Americans should strive for, or is it a myth that only leads to self-annihilation?According to Horatio Alger and Toni Cade Bambara, they both believe the concept that the American Dream is a myth and prove these basic principle by means of their writing. A single person or a small group does non name the notion of success, but it is created by our whole society. The myth of instant wealth is one of the most hot myths society uses. In fact society uses the hope of insta nt wealth to make people plow harder. The fact that they do not wargon a real chance of obtaining that wealth by competing in the economic system stays invisible to the most of people.But people have believed that if they testament operate hard then they can achieve success. Richard Hunter, main character of the book Ragged Dick has been a typical example of American notion of success. According to this book, by Horatio Alger, everybody can become well acknowledge and financially prosperous if they would work hard and show their merit. Dick, a young gentleman on the government agency to fame and fortune, as his friend Fosdick from the stage Ragged Dick describes him in the end of the story, climbs on the social ladder, start from the very bottom.Being absolutely illiterate and having no money in the beginning, Dick gets into business portion of people, by working hard and showing his merit. While recitation this book, I really was able to countersink myself in the story, and live Dicks flavor with him. This typical story of Rags to Riches, is a commonplace theme for many people lives. Today, as well as back in the 1800s when the story was written, most peoples dreams atomic number 18 to achieve success. This formally became known as The American Dream. Although this may seem strange for everyone to have the same idea, it really isnt when you look at it with an lax perspective.Each and every persons perception of success is extremely different and individual, which makes everyones dreams different. in that location may be people who strive for big goals, and there may be others who take it one day at a time, achieving happiness on a less formal level. In examine the time period of the story to our society today, there are many similarities and differences to consider. According within the globe we live today, people tend to set much higher goals and expectations for themselves, whereas, in Ragged Dick, it was more of a day-to-day type situati on.When people set smaller, more realistic goals, it results in more happiness and solace in their lifestyle. However, in todays world, Americans have become so incredibly competitive and successful, that the standards have been significantly raised to the point where personal happiness is no longer good enough. After reading a novel like Horatio Algers Ragged Dick, you subconsciously make yourself realize the important inherent message that he is trying to portray. To me, this message is to always be optimistic, and no matter how bad your life is, it can always get better if you are honest, hardworking and determined.Another good source that brings by the concept of money and success is through Bambaras writing, The Lesson. The major theme of the story was creating awareness in adolescents somewhat what life has to offer. The nature of human beings of accepting the realities of life to such an extent that apathy and lethargy sets in, is what proves to be blasting for the social fabric of todays world. In this stagnation, Mrs. Moore provides the impetus required for people to realize their immortal given right to something better. We are told that Mrs. Moore has a college degree, is well dressed most of the times, and has a good direct on her language.She seems to be a kind of a person who has seen the world. She has experienced life, and losss to use that experience in providing the children with an opportunity to broaden their horizons. This opportunity that she strives to provide is opening their eyes to the true nature of life and not by giving them money and bombarding their psyche with moralistic attitudes. The story showcases the lack of aspirations of a culture. It takes us through the point of view of the children, who think of nothing but entertainment, and through the mind frame of the adults who have resigned their lives to mediocrity.Mrs. Moore proves to be the catalyst that sets alight the imagination of the children. She realizes that by just telling the children that there is something better out there, she will not be able to in unagitated in them a sense of longing an aspiration to achieve something better in life. So the morale of this story was to show how one could achieve success with authentic disadvantages and still work towards the realistic American Dream. As a result, Americans are never at ease with what they have.It has been said that Americans are no longer trying to keep up with the Joneses, but instead face at celebrities, and envisioning themselves with the same expensive possessions. Americans today do in fact look at celebrities and long for their lavish lifestyles, but in any case still do try and keep up with the Joneses. This scenario is also similar with possessions of luxury items. Ever look at your neighbors new car and want one of your own? It is very common to see your neighbor pull in their driveway with a new Mercedes, then look at your car and think of going and getting a nice new car that is comparable to the Mercedes.We as Americans are never satisfied with what we have. The American Dream is still alive, though it is not what it used to be. One can be successful, have freedom, and be happy. But are they fulfilling their version of the American Dream? Some of us may take it to further extremes than others, but there will always be the desire to have something better than everyone else. Society today tells us that we should have the best of everything if we dont we are of a lower class of people. We are sucked in by these beliefs because we as Americans do not want to be shown up, and want to be part of the higher class.Americans are always demanding more, while in poverty-stricken countries people are just thankful for what they do have. perhaps we as Americans should just be thankful for the opportunities that this great country has to offer and live our OWN dreams. . full treatment Cited Alger, Horatio Jr.. Ragged Dick Or, Street Life in New York with t he Boot Blacks. New York. Penguin, 2005. Print. Bambara, Toni. The Lesson. Literature exercise and Writing the Human Experience. Shorter 7th ed. Ed. Richard Abacian and Marvin Koltz. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 121-126.

Appiled Arts Essay Example for Free

Appiled Arts Es vocalizeAlthough we now tend to refer to the diverse crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their creation known as the utilize arts. Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories containers, shelters and supports. there is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports essential be working(a).The applied arts are and so bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are oecumenical in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has enceinte openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some domineering decisi on, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all in all functional objects are exactly alike that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being disparate from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the objects old function. ?Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is excessively true for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines.Fine-art objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. S culptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an under(a)standing of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her liking of the work.For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptors aesthetic intentions, place the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball speedily disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze). until now though the fine art s in the twentieth century often treat materials in cutting ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant. It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.

The long term effects of playing football Essay Example for Free

The long term effects of playing football game screenWhen people think about football they think its glitz, glamour, and a life of amazement because youre doing what you want and youre readyting paid for it. Though that is part of football there are more parts to it that people dont unfeignedly think about too much. There are three points of football that go in from playing the granulose and they are the rich, glitzy, famous part. The part that travels to a focussing games and has long practices that keep you away from your family. Then there is the misgiving and stress factor, which is probably the biggest effect.One obvious positive that comes from playing the game of football is all the perks that come with it. As a kid there are dreams of doing something like this and then it comes true that alone is amazing. You get paid an incredible amount of money that you really did not need to get an education for. mickle know and love own(prenominal)ities that play footbal l and its even better if you are a soundly-known star. Restaurants influence you in to eat for free and clothing companies give you their merchandise in exchange for publicity. This would really await like it is the life.Then there is the traveling aspect of this deal that is do where in a way a life is signed away. A team is competing to be the best in their sport and there are many a(prenominal) sacrifices that have to be made in order to achieve that goal. There will be grueling practices up to 6 days a week and the day that you are not practicing you are doing your job, playing a game. That you have to travel to play away games will leave you homesick. That education with this team will take up most of your day a family could be dismantled. All this universe away from family and loved ones can really take a toll on a personal life. A good effect that comes from traveling is seeing new places. Putting yourself in new environments keeps you well rounded.The last and I think most crucial effect that comes from football is the stress and anguish. That football is much(prenominal) a pressure game it could cause many psychological problems. Worrying about so many different things at once can cause you to stress out. For example you have to remember oer 100 plays and if you start forgetting or messing them up the coach can pull you out for a bring together plays or even the game. Also intermitting itself in this is theI have to better than him motive, which means the thoughts of taking slaying enhancing drugs. Taking these drugs can cause major thought and anguish in the long run. If the decision is made to take them then if caught you will be all over the news and fined which will tarnish peoples approve for you.In conclusion there are many effects that come from playing the game of football and all of them are not good as implicated in this essay. Whether it is the glamour, the traveling, and the stress. Fortunately this essay focuses more on the har der aspects so if you do want to get into pro football there are a lot more things waiting for you.

Phonics Primer for Year Five Remedial Class in Primary School Essay Example for Free

Phonics soil for Year Five therapeutic Class in Primary educate Essay1.1 Description of the Area of enquiry Title of the Study Phonics Primer for Year Five Remedial Class in Primary School.Phonics is allowter-sound correspondences. The units of sound can be syllables, on devises rimes, or phonemes (EdResearch.info). Phonics Primer is a authority of learning the sounds of the alphabet in order to decode the side language. It is recognized by a dissolute pace of tenet letter and the sound or grapheme and phoneme bracees and immediately getting bookmans to use this experience to read and spell regular lyric. Words argon read by employ the phonological readiness of bl decisioning the sounds unneurotic synthesis (hence the term synthetic phonics). Words are spelled by using the phonological skill of hearing the sounds in words (segmentation) by means of which words are segmented into their member phonemes (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia) Research Questions1. What is the strategy in learn synthetic phonics?2. Can the method be successfully taught in shorter periods?3. Can the 44 sounds of Phonics Primer help in t distributivelying non-English speakerswho have other sounds that is assemble in English?4. Can Phonics Primer be employ to teach age groups in higher levels with course sessiondifficulties?Research Variables The instruments that I go away use in my research entrusting be 1. Questionnaires 2. Interviews 3. Classroom ceremonial occasion Checklist 4. Tests 5. Document ReviewsGay and Airasian (20030 defined population as The population is the group of interest to the tec, the group to which the results of the survey leave ideally generalized. The respondents of the research volition be for alterative students from the outskirt of Sarikei in Sarawak. The volume of the students will be of the Iban race. The research will be conducted on deuce groups of selected students. One group will be apply for ascertain, seeed the expe rimental group. Another group would be the controlled group and they will be taught with the subjectly teaching procedure during English lessons. twain groups will be cohorts who will need assistant in course session. About sise students will be involved in this study. They will be healing(p) students from the cohort of musical score quin students who are in the remedial curriculum. The respected students and school will be chosen simply to fulfill the requirements of the research that will use the Primers phonics approach to teach learning for remedial students.1.2 theory-based FrameworkOften we expose that in schools, there are always students who are very scant(p) in rendition English. It is even worst when the students cannot read in a language that is very ex modifyable to theirs. This means that the students are having problems in basic read. We can say that these students are too slow in picking up during their edition lessons in English. In classes where w e have been teaching, untold sequences we see that students cannot recognize words and even there are some who cannot read.The students in rural Sarikei, in Sarawak, specifically are by and large Ibans. They are non-English speakers. They plainly encounter the language when they come to school. English therefore is very unfamiliar to them. many another(prenominal) English sounds dont even exist in their mother tongue. Synthetic phonics has all the 44 sounds of the English Language. It is a very systematic way to teach basic reading in English. By using the method of teaching, students can read faster and easier. The method of teaching and the instruments used in teaching it can enable the remedial students of the chief(a) schools to remember the sounds made by the earn and enable them to read.Research instrument are devices to mea trustworthy the objects of the study. Instruments come in denary counterfeits. For this research, the detective will be using multiple forms like questionnaires, observation forms, interview forms and experiments to get information. The questionnaires and interviews will be used to get information about experiences, suggestions and ideas related to the study. The observation forms will be used to net observations during the study. From observation forms, the researcher will be able to see weaknesses and strengths during the teaching of Phonics Primer and excessively the menses teaching method used by the school to make comparisons. The examens which will be given ahead and after(prenominal) teaching Phonics Primer will help the researcher to find out if the incident study that they are doing is suitable and well(p) for teaching remedial students.QuestionnairesQuestionnaires are familiar to most people (Berdie, Anderson, and Niebuhr, 1986).It is a written or printed form used in gathering information on some subject or subjects, consisting of a set of questions to be submitted to one or more persons (Your Dictionar y.Com)It is a communication method of designing questionnaires to collect the needful information. It is a list of questions framed to get facts. A questionnaire is defined as a group of printed questions used to elicit information from subjects by means of self report. Questionnaires will be distributed to both experimental and controlled group.teacher Questionnaires.A teacher questionnaire is designed to gather information administered to English teachers in school. The questionnaire will be by dint of with(predicate) with(p) two clock, that is before the start of the Phonics Programme. A second questionnaire will follow at the end of the programme. This is to find out the status of remedial reading before and after the programme. If there are any differences before and after the programme, it will be noted down for digest in the research later.Students QuestionnairesStudents questionnaire will likewise be done. It will be done with students who are involved with the study. They are the experimental group of students and also the controlled group of students for comparison later. Questionnaires can help the researcher discover the experiences, knowledge and backgrounds of the students and the school which is related to the case study that is going to be done. These information will help the researcher to know more and infer more about the stand of the students involved in the study. The questionnaire is also important in helping the researcher to make determination and give suggestions for future study of similar case.InterviewThe interview is a duologue between the teachers with the researcher. The most commonly accepted objective of the interview is to determine whether there is a match between the candidates education, experience, interest and goals and the goals of the researcher related to the study for which the researcher is interviewing. In this study, the researcher conducts the interview with the remedial students teacher. This interview is designed to elicit info using a set of predetermined questions that are anticipate to elicit the subjects thoughts, opinions and attitudes regarding the teaching of reading to remedial students.Group Interviews with Teachers.To identify the major issues surrounding the planning and writ of execution of reading educational activity in schools of a rural school, group interviews will be conducted with English remedial teachers. An interview will be used to facilitate discussion. Responses to the uniform standard questions will confer to the net analysis of the study findings.Individual Interviews with Teachers.To investigate all of the major research questions. presented earlier, interviews will be conducted with English remedial teachers in the selected schools. An interview will be used to facilitate information gathering. Responses to the questions will contribute to the final analysis of the study findings.Observation Instruments Observation is a technique of gathering e ntropy through direct contact with the subjects. In this study, the researcher will recover two classes. The researcher will take after ongoing class using Primer Phonics and the standard teaching of remedial students in the school. Observation instrument is necessary to detect any strength and weaknesses for both types of methodology in teaching remedial students. The detections will be noted down in the researchers note book for making analysis, conclusion and suggestions for future researches.Classroom ObservationClassroom observation will be done to make sure that Primer Phonics is taught accordingly. A checklist will be used. Classroom observations will also be done for the normal teaching of remedial students in the same school. The need for making observation for the normal method of teaching is to enable comparison among the two types of methodology later. Additional info collection and review will emit during the observations. Researchers summarized notes after each ob servation.Test The researcher will conduct two types of block outs, the Pre test and the Post test, for two groups of students from the remedial class only. The students will be divided into the experimental and controlled group. A Pre test will be used to see the students ability to read before teaching using the Primers Phonic Method. The Post test will be used to see the achievements made after teaching using the Primers Phonic Method. Both the experimental and the controlled groups will take the tests so the researcher can compare if there will be any differences in the achievements after teaching using the Primers Phonic Method for the experimental group.The Controlled group will be taught by their own remedial teachers using the usual syllabus in the school. In the tests, subjects are to read a short textual matter of about 150 words. These tests aims to see how good the students can or cannot read before and after teaching using the Primers Phonic Method. To assess the stud ents reading, 5 criteria will be ticked accordingly. Students who gets two out of five Yes are considered to have pass the Pre Test or the Post testDocument ReviewDocument review will inform the research process to varying degrees. Among the documents study were student work samples, report cards, forms, letters to parents, lesson plans, lists of reading books, and other relevant documents pertinent to current reading command.The Theoretical FrameworkDiagram 1 The Diagram depicts the theoretical framework.1.3 Review of Related LiteratureThe lit reviews forwarded here will help us to to a lower placestand more about the case study that will be done. A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge and or methodological approaches on a particular subject. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as much(prenominal), do not report any new or original experimental work.Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, su ch as theses, a literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. Its crowning(prenominal) goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a national and forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that may be needed in the area.A well-structured literature review is characterized by a logical flow of ideas current and relevant references with consistent, becharm referencing style, proper use of terminology and an unbiased and comprehensive view of the previous research on the topicI would like to make a review of related literature which is in my area of research, Instruction, Development, and deed of Struggling Primary Grade Readers by Elizabeth Campbell Rightmyer, Ellen McIntyre, and Joseph M Petrosko. Reading Research and Instruction. Coral Gables Spring 2006.Their study examined the phonics and reading achievement of 117 uncreated grade students in 14 schools and 42 classrooms. Students received instruction in one of six different reading programs or moldings based upon the school they attended. Through qualitative info collection and analysis of specific instructional practices, they determined that no model or program prove more effective for the learning of phonics in the commencement grade after one year of instruction. officeThe purpose of their study was to examine the phonics and reading achievement of original grade students receiving instruction in six different instructional programs or models (referred to as models in reference to their study). Then, through a qualitative analysis of the specific instructional practices within these models and their envisioning of young childrens literacy development, they explain the relative differences in achievement gains of these primary grade assay readers.Method They examined the instructional practices and achievement of low performing students in first through third grade classrooms in which teachers used one of the following reading models Breakthrough to Literacy (www.btl.com) Early success (Cooper, et al., 1997) Early Intervention (Taylor, Medo, Strait, 1995) Four Blocks (Cunningham, Hall, DeFee, 1991) SRA Reading Mastery (Engelmann Bruner, 1997) or Together We Can, a locally positive model based on baseborn group guided reading and explicit teaching of reading strategies and skills. ParticipantsThe study included 117 struggling primary-grade readers in 14 schools and 42 classrooms. Schools that had recently received a area grant to implement one of the reading models were invited to participate. They then contacted the principals, asking them to recommend teachers who were particularly successful at implementing the instructional model for at least one year they believed that principals would avoid selecting teachers who were struggling with the model, classroom management, student diversity, or any of the myriad complexities that teachers face daily. Independently, they checked the teachers credentia ls by using a state-developed data base and found that the majority of them held advanced rank in the profession 73% had earned at least 30 credit hours beyond the bachelors degree.They also found that 84% of the teachers had taught in their current state of employment for more than five years. The principals distributed consent forms to interested teachers, and when they were returned, the researchers explained to each teacher that the children they wanted to study were those struggling with reading or learning to read. They had no control of the models that were proposed or the schools that were selected to receive the grants. Like many states under accountability mandates, their state is becoming heavily invested in direct instruction models of reading and mathematics, and this predilection was seen in the numbers of students who received scripted early intervention in reading. They asked that by October 1 of the first year of the study, the teachers identify the lowest achieving 20% in their classes.Again, they did not control for socioeconomic status, gender, or ethnicity of the identified children or in any way second-guess the teachers selection. Consenting students became the targeted group of children the researchers tested on the phonics application and reading tasks. There were two to five children in each of the classrooms, although due to attrition and a few damage tests, this number was reduced in some classrooms. Researchers studied one group of children from the beginning of first grade through the end of second grade, documenting harvest-feast in phonics for one year.These children are hereafter referred to as first graders, even though they followed them through the end of second grade. The children in this group were all served by a single reading model one of the five models that appear in Appendix A crosswise two years however, most of the children had different teachers implementing the model the second year (in second grade). The st udy followed a second group from the beginning of second grade through the end of third grade, also documenting growth after two years.These children are hereafter referred to as second graders, even though they followed them through the end of third grade. Like the first graders, the children in this group were served by the same reading model crosswise two years however, most of the children had different teachers implementing the model the second year (in third grade). Table 1 lists the participants by model. Procedures for entropy accretion and Analysis of Student Achievement InstrumentsThe researcher pre- and post-tested first grade children on clays Hearing Sounds in Words Test (1993), a phonics application task that included encoding a sentence. This measure was conducted only with first graders, as this was the norming sample. It will hereafter be referred to as the phonics measure or phonics achievement. On the clay test, the examiner reads two sentences to the child, The bus is coming fast. It will stop here to let me get on. Then the sentences are read again, word by word, and children encode the sentence as the researcher dictates.The children are encouraged to do the best they can with the spelling and use the sounds of words to write as much as you can. The children score a point for each letter or group of letters they write that correctly correspond to the sounds in the words. Children can score from O to 37 on this test. The researchers selected this test because they believed it to be a more authentic assessment of phonics understanding and use than phonological tests on which children call out letter sounds they see or sound out semantically dis connected word lists. Data collectionResearchers were trained using each of the scrutiny instruments given. The training involved an explanation and demonstration of the testing procedures and observation of videotapes of the project director testing various children. The researchers scored those children, discussed results, and adjusted their expectations through more explanation and demonstration by the director. Children were pre-tested during the months of September and post-tested during the month of May during each of the two years of the study.Children were tested in private situations in quiet places, ar avowd by the classroom teacher or grant administrator for periods of no more than 30 proceedings at a cartridge clip. While the pre-testing took approximately 30 minutes per child, the post-testing took 60-90 minutes per child for most children, thus each child was met two or three times. The researchers attempted to make the children comfortable and rewarded them afterwards with stickers. All reading passages were tape-recorded. Quantitative analysis of achievement dataFor ease in comparing achievement, the researchers used the benchmarks provided by each of the tests. Clays Hearing Sounds in Words phonics test has a range of 1-37, with intervals of 1. Two train ed researchers individually scored every Clay test, and these scores were compared against one another for accuracy. Where there was strain in scoring, a third researcher also reviewed the data, and the group negotiated the final score. Scores were entered into a data base, and two team members reviewed each of them for accuracy in data entry. In this study, test score data were statistically analyzed in two ways.First, pretest scores were subtracted from posttest scores. The resulting gain scores were used as dependent variables in a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the reading models as the independent variables. Test 1 was a comparison of phonics achievement of students in the different reading models (one-year gain). For each test, students achievement in only five models was compared. Importantly, due to the unequal number of students in each of the comparison groups, and the small numbers of participants in some of the models, the interpretations about the findings of these tests are made with caution and based on trends in the data.Data Collection and Analysis of Instructional Practices The researchers collected data on the instructional models in three ways a) by observing the teachers and taking orbit notes, b) by interviewing the teachers about their practices, and c) by completing an observation instrument after leaving the site (which required reflection and quantification of what was observed). For this analysis, they specifically gathered data on 1) the focus of instruction, 2) the primary literacy activities conducted, and 3) the length of time children spent reading connected text. Other salient characteristics of the models, such as whether the model was considered an intervention for struggling readers or a whole class model, are also described. Observations and interviewsSchools were contacted and arrangements were made to observe the teachers who had been previously identified as fully implementing the instructional model adopte d through the state program. The researchers visited each teacher four times and observed between 90-180 minutes during each visit, depending on how long literacy instruction was conducted in that classroom. Researchers sat in the room and recorded what the teacher said and did in the form of field of operations notes. One important feature in our field notes was the regular marking of time. In an effort to understand how teachers distributed their instructional time for various activities, they recorded the time in the margins of their field notes approximately every five minutes. After each visit, the researchers interviewed the classroom teacher the same day the observations were made. Among the questions they asked were about how typical the observed instruction was and how the children were selected for testing to ensure that they indeed were studying the bottom 20%.Observation instrument After exiting the field site, the researcher used the field notes and interview to comple te an observation instrument that summarized and quantified instructional patterns. A small section of instrument was used to help determine the teachers focus of instruction. The instrument, the field notes, and the interview made a data set for analysis. Analysis of instructionIn the first phase of analysis, researchers gathered to examine the data sets. Using a form created by the project director, the researchers summarized what happened during each of the visits. From these summaries of the field notes and interviews, the project director created a set of codes that reflected much of the data, a content analysis of sorts (Miles Huberman, 1994). Then, the research team partitioned the field notes into activity settings (Tharp Gallimore, 1988) in order to create smaller, bounded units of analysis.This meant that whenever there was a change in activity (the people, place, or growth of instruction), the ensuing activity was considered a unit of analysis and coded separately. The Researcher did not consider as change in setting instances in which children had to leave a group early or if a lesson was interrupted. Thus, the lessons were coded holistically by setting. Settings lasted from five to 45 minutes. For example, one setting for analysis might be a 10-minute whole class lesson on which the teacher guided the children to correct a message she had written without punctuation.When the same teacher signaled to the children it was time to work in learning centers, a new unit of analysis was begun. Sometimes there were multiple simultaneous activity settings, and the researcher usually made the decision to follow the teacher. For each activity setting, they coded the teachers primary activity, followed by what researchers interpreted, from both observations and interviews, was the teachers focus for the activity-either to help students develop phonologically (ACTIV-phon), or to help students learn something else (ACTIV-other). The primary instructional acti vities observed in each class were listed on the summary sheet. Finally, to determine the time children spent reading connected text, they used an earlier analysis of these data (Authors, 2005).They first defined connected text as texts of meaningful sentences or longer that is, more than one connected sentence although, in this study, connected text was usually an entire story. Then, they clarified activities that comprised examples of opportunities to read connected text. The following practices were categorized as such chorale reading echo reading (even though technically the teacher was doing half of the reading) guided silent reading guided oral reading and established periods for independent reading. Activities not included as opportunities for reading connected text included read aloud story time, times when the teacher was directly teaching something, times when students completed worksheets that included only words or unrelated sentences, drill of individual words, or time on non-print responses to literature.Then, the researchers highlighted in field notes when students were provided opportunities to read connected text. They calculated the percentage of time in such activity against the total time designated for language arts instruction. They examined all four observations of each teacher together as a unit because they knew they were going to categorize them. Using group consensus, they defined classrooms as having much opportunity to read connected text during all four observations, a moderate amount of time, or little time. After each data set was analyzed and each teacher categorized, they compared instructional foci and practices across models. They listed all the teachers in a given model together, and looked across these data sets for patterns.